What are the common traits and behaviors associated with narcissism according to clinical definitions?

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which is the widely used manual for diagnosing mental disorders, the criteria for narcissistic personality disorder include the following traits and behaviors:

1. Grandiosity: An exaggerated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for admiration. This can be manifested through a belief of being special or unique, and an expectation of being recognized as superior without commensurate achievements.
2. Fantasies of success and power: Narcissists may have unrealistic fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, or beauty. They may believe they are destined for greatness and often exaggerate their achievements or talents.
3. Need for admiration: A constant need for attention, admiration, and praise from others. Narcissists may seek excessive admiration and validation to boost their fragile self-esteem, and may become distressed or angry when they feel ignored or not sufficiently admired.
4. Sense of entitlement: A sense of entitlement and belief that one deserves special treatment or favors. Narcissists may expect to be treated differently or given preferential treatment, and may become upset or indignant if they do not receive such treatment.
5. Interpersonal exploitation: A tendency to exploit or take advantage of others for personal gain. Narcissists may manipulate or deceive others to meet their own needs or desires, and may lack empathy or concern for the well-being of others.
6. Lack of empathy: A lack of empathy and an inability or unwillingness to recognize or value the emotions and perspectives of others. Narcissists may have difficulty understanding or relating to the feelings and needs of others, and may show little genuine concern or compassion.
7. Envious or arrogant behaviors: Envious behaviors towards others or a display of arrogant, haughty, or condescending attitudes. Narcissists may belittle or demean others to bolster their own self-esteem, and may feel threatened by others’ achievements or success.
8. Preoccupation with self-image: A preoccupation with maintaining a grandiose self-image and a tendency to exaggerate achievements or talents. Narcissists may engage in self-promotion and self-enhancement to reinforce their inflated sense of self-worth.
9. Need for control: A need for control and a difficulty accepting criticism or feedback. Narcissists may have a strong desire to control situations or others to maintain their sense of superiority, and may become defensive or angry when their self-image is challenged.

It’s important to note that to meet the criteria for narcissistic personality disorder, an individual must exhibit a pervasive pattern of these traits and behaviors that is persistent and causes significant impairment in functioning and relationships. A formal diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional based on a comprehensive assessment of the individual’s symptoms, history, and presentation. Treatment for narcissistic personality disorder often involves therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or psychodynamic therapy, to address maladaptive thoughts and behaviors, improve self-awareness, and develop healthier coping skills and interpersonal relationships.

Read complete detail about Narcissism here.